Descripción de pacientes con enfermedad indiferenciada del tejido conectivo

Resumen

OBJETIVOS: Describir el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de pacientes con enfermedad indiferenciada del tejido conectivo.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de expedientes físicos y electrónicos de pacientes con enfermedad indiferenciada del tejido conectivo atendidos entre los años 2015 al 2022 en la Clínica Movimiento, Xalapa, Veracruz. Se realizó el análisis estadístico de las características y evolución clínica.

RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 2000 expedientes de los que se seleccionaron 163 pero solo se analizaron 53 expedientes que reunieron los criterios de inclusión. De esos, 28 (52.83%) continuaron con enfermedad indiferenciada y 25 (47.16%) evolucionaron a otra enfermedad. De los 28, 24 eran mujeres (85.7%) y 4 hombres (14.2%), con edad media de 41 años. De los 53, 25 evolucionaron a lupus, todas mujeres. La mayoría de quienes diferenciaron a lupus lo hicieron por anticuerpos antinucleares positivos (44%) y causas clínicas: úlceras orales (24%) y eritema malar (12%). De los 25 que se diferenciaron, 80% (20 casos) lo hicieron en los primeros tres años de seguimiento. La comorbilidad más frecuente fue fibromialgia (27 de 53 casos) con distribución similar entre quienes tenían diagnóstico de enfermedad indiferenciada.

CONCLUSIÓN: El perfil sociodemográfico y clínico es similar al de otras cohortes. El lupus eritematoso sistémico es la principal enfermedad con la que se diferenciaron; esto sugiere que muchas enfermedades indiferenciadas son formas tempranas de lupus eritematoso sistémico.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Enfermedad indiferenciada del tejido conectivo; anticuerpos antinucleares; úlceras bucales; eritema; comorbilidad; fibromialgia; lupus eritematoso sistémico.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, retrospective study of the physical and electronic medical records of patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease who were treated at the Movimiento Clinic in Xalapa, Veracruz, between 2015 and 2022. A statistical analysis of the characteristics and clinical evolution was performed.

RESULTS: Two hundred files were found, of which 163 were selected. However, only 53 files that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Of those, 28 (52.83%) had undifferentiated disease, while 25 (47.16%) progressed to another disease. Of the 28 patients, 24 were women (85.7%) and four were men (14.2%), with a mean age of 41 years. Of the 53 patients, 25 progressed to lupus; all of these patients were women. Most of those who developed lupus did so due to positive antinuclear antibodies (44%) and clinical manifestations, such as oral ulcers (24%) and malar erythema (12%). Eighty percent (20 cases) of those who differentiated did so within the first three years of follow-up. The most common comorbidity was fibromyalgia, present in 27 of the 53 cases, with a similar distribution among those with a diagnosis of undifferentiated disease.

CONCLUSION: The sociodemographic and clinical profile is similar to that of other cohorts. Systemic lupus erythematosus was the main disease with which they were confused, suggesting that many undifferentiated diseases are early forms of systemic lupus erythematosus.

KEYWORDS: Undifferentiated connective tissue disease; Antinuclear antibodies; Oral ulcers; Erythema; Comorbidity; Fibromyalgia; Lupus Erythematosus Systemic.